The energy transition in Europe requires a large-scale deployment of renewable energy sources, with onshore wind playing a key role. At the same time, the legal frameworks for developing onshore wind projects vary significantly across Europe. To provide insight into this, the International Onshore Wind Study was published on 3 April 2025.
The study, conducted between November 2023 and January 2025, outlines the regulations for onshore wind in 29 European countries. It covers, among other things, how land is secured, how permitting procedures are structured, what requirements apply to grid connection, and how revenues can be traded. The study also includes an assessment of legal certainty for investors in each of the jurisdictions examined. The analysis shows that 2023 was a record year for wind energy in Europe, with 16.2 GW of new installed capacity, 79% of which came from onshore wind.
The research was coordinated by the German law firm Luther Rechtsanwaltsgesellschaft and was produced in collaboration with specialized law firms from across Europe. Stek contributed the section on the Netherlands.
The full study is available for free here.
